What are Property, Plant, and Equipment?

Property, Plant, and Equipment are mainly to be considered as physical or a tangible type of assets. These assets are also called as long-term assets. This can be typically or normally  have a life of assets for more than one year.

Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E) include:

• Vehicles.
• Furniture for a office.
• Types of machinery.
• Constructed immovable structures.
• Underdeveloped on a land.

Property, plant, and equipment assets are also well  known as company fixed assets. It is also known as a long-term physical assets. Industries that are considered as capital intensive have a been a significant amount of fixed assets. It is such as known as oil companies, auto manufacturers, and a steel companies.

What are the known characteristics of a Property, Plant, and Equipment?

Fixed assets always have a useful life assigned to them. This also means that they have a set number of a the assets possess as a economic value. Fixed assets also value of a salvage value. This is also considered as the value which is remaining at the end of asset’s life. Salvage values are also been  known in accounting term as scrap value of an Assets.

Meanwhile, fixed assets has been undergo into depreciation. Fixed assets are taken out by dividing the cost of fixed assets with the number of life of assets. Then by expensing them over their useful lives of assets. Depreciation helps a company to set aside a cash outlay for  purchasing a fixed assets.

Depreciation also mainly helps asset’s cost to be spread the over several number of years allowing to set aside a company to earn a revenue.

How to calculate a Property, plant, and Equipment?

A mainly company needs mainly to record a property, plant, and machinery on its balance sheet a accurately. Analysts and a potential investors can also been frequently been review a company’s existing property, plant, and machinery. To mainly look on where and how is the company is basically using its money on a fixed assets in a ways. This could be by helping the company to mainly increase its earning as profit.

It’s also important for the companies to mainly track their Property , plant and Equipment if company sell his assets to mainly build cash. While the most a fixed assets can normally be depreciated over the useful life of assets. This can be simply converted to a liquid cash. Some assets such as a real estate can be increase in a value over a time. Thus providing a company with a possible a option for its raising fund.

The formula is mentioned in below:

To determine net property, plant and equipment. Just add a to a Gross property, plant, and equipment to a capital expenditure. From this arrived amount, by subtracting accumulated depreciation.

How Property, plant, and Equipment impact the investors?

Companies that are been expanding his business may also decide to mainly purchase fixed assets to invest in a company’s long-term future assets. These are purchases that are also been called capital expenditures. They significantly may impact a financial position of a this company. Whether it is a part of available cash is been used. Even the fixed asset is financed been finance by the debt or a equity.

How the assets financed a impacts company’s financial viability ?.

It is also very important to know that where a company is allocating a capital, whether the company is also making a capital expenditures. How company plans to raise its fund for a projects.

If new equity is been issued, the stock or share price might have been decline due to the dilution of the equity stock or shares. If cash or fund is used. The company may be unable to pay its dividends in quarters future. If the company obtains financing from a bank or private equity firm, the company will have debt-servicing costs associated with the additional long-term debt.

What are the capital expenditures?

Capital Expenditures, referred to as CapEx for short, are added to the net Property, plant, and Equipment balances on the balance sheet.

When the company is spending money for investing in either:

1. Updating existing equipment.
2. Purchasing new additional equipment adds to the total PP&E balance on the balance sheet.

Recognition and Measurements of Property, Plant, and Equipment-

Property, plant, and equipment should be recognized by a company only if:

1. Future economic benefits are also associated with the asset, which will probably flow to the entity for over one year.
2. The cost of the asset can also be calculated or can be estimated reliably.

The initial costs of a property, plant, and equipment items may include:

1. Its purchase price, or any import duties, non-refundable taxes, sales discounts, and rebates.
2. Any costs are directly attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary to be operational (such as installation expenses).
3. The estimated value of the costs of dismantling and removing the asset and restoring the site is dependent on which it is located. It is commonly referred to as an asset retirement obligation (ARO).

Repairs and Replacements of Property, Plants, and Equipment-

The nature of property, plant and equipment assets is that some of these assets need to be regularly fixed or replaced to prevent equipment failures or adopting a more capable technology.

E.g., it is normal for companies to repair or replace old factories or automobiles with new assets.

The normal rule in accounting for repairs and replacements is that repairs and maintenance work can be expensed while replacing capitalized assets.

Repairs are normally easy to record; it is simply a debit to repair or maintenance expense and cash credit. Replacements, however, can be a bit more complicated.

While replacements, the old cost of the asset can be written off from the company’s books, and the cost of the new replacement is recorded/recognized.

Depreciation of Property, Plants, and Equipment-

The other major component of the property, plant, and equipment formula is depreciation. Depreciation reduces the value of the Property, Plant, and Equipment on the balance sheet as the value of assets is lowered over time due to wear and tear and reduced useful life.

It can use the depreciation expense for reducing the net balance value, and it flows to the income statement as an expense.

Scheduling of Property, Plants, and Equipment-

The easy way to keep track of fixed capital assets is with a schedule.

It is the type of analysis a financial analyst would prepare and maintain to prepare complete financial statements or build a financial model in Excel.

The bottom line of the topic-

Property, Plant, and Equipment (PP&E) are the long-term, tangible assets of a company.

They are most often fixed assets. PP&E, which includes trucks, machinery, factories, and land, allows a company to conduct and grow its business.

PP&E is depreciated over time and can be sold for its salvage value. When a company purchases PP&E, it is known as a capital expenditure.

Proper management of capital expenditures is crucial to the growth and profitability of a company, so much so that investors analyze how a company manages its PP&E to determine if its capital expenditures will aid its successor to be a drain on its funds.

Frequently Asked Questions-

What is CapEx?

CapEx is a short form of the term capital expenditure.

Capex can be often used when referring to:

• The actual amounts spent during a recent accounting period for additions to property, Plant and Equipment, and
• The planned amounts that will spend for future additions to Property, Plant, and Equipment

The total CapEx amount spent in a recent accounting period is reported in the statement of cash flows within the section described as investing activities. Since the CapEx amount is an outflow of cash, it is reported as a negative amount.

It will likely contain the planned CapEx amounts in a company’s internal document referred to as the capital expenditures budget (or CapEx budget).

Many financial analysts also subtract the CapEx amount from the company’s cash from operating activities to arrive at the company’s free cash flow.

Most of the CapEx items will be depreciated over the years of their useful life. It means the CapEx amount will likely be spread over many income statements in the form of Depreciation Expense and as part of a manufacturer’s cost of goods sold.

What are the differences between assets and fixed assets?

Assets are those resources that a company owns as a result of transactions. Examples of assets can be cash, accounts receivable, inventory, prepaid insurance, land, buildings, equipment, trademarks, customer lists purchased from another company, and certain deferred charges.

The term fixed assets are generally referred to as the long-term assets, tangible assets used in a business classified as Property, Plant, and Equipment. Examples of various fixed assets are land, buildings, manufacturing equipment, office equipment, office furniture, fixtures, and vehicles. Except for land because the fixed assets can be depreciated over their useful lives.

What is depletion?

Depletion can be considered as the movement of the cost of natural resources from a company’s balance sheet towards its income statements.

The objective is to match the requirements on the income statement of the cost of the natural resources that are sold with the revenues of the natural resources that are sold. The cost of the natural resources sold can be referred to as depletion expense.

Conceptually, depletion is similar to the depreciation of property, plant, and equipment.

What is Construction Work-in-Progress?

Definition of Wok in Progress

Construction Work-in-Progress is considered a noncurrent asset account in which the costs of constructing long-term and fixed assets are recorded.

Construction Work-in-Progress can have a debit balance and can be reported on the balance sheet as part of a company’s noncurrent or long-term asset section, entitled Property, Plant, and Equipment.

The costs of constructing the asset can be accumulated as the account of Construction Work-in-Progress until the asset is completed and can be placed into service.

When the assets are placed for service, the account Construction Work-in-Progress will be credited for its balance means the accumulated costs and can be recorded with a debit in the appropriate property, plant, and Equipment account.

Depreciation would begin after the asset is put into service.

Example=

Let’s assume that if a company is expanding its warehouse, the company’s project is expected to take four months to complete.

Then the company will open the account Construction Work-in-Progress for Warehouse Expansion to accumulate the many expenditures.

The company will eventually transfer the amount from Construction Work-in-Progress for Warehouse Expansion to the asset account Warehouse Expansion when the project is completed.

How can you account for a project under construction?

Suppose a company is constructing a major project such as a building, assembly line, etc. In that case, it will debit the amounts spent on the project for a long-term asset account categorized as a Construction Work-in-Progress.

Construction Work-in-Progress can be reported as the last line within the Property, Plant, and Equipment classification sheet classification.

There is no depreciation of the accumulated costs until a complete project, and the assets are placed for servicing.

When the completed asset is placed for servicing, the project’s accumulated costs will be removed from the Construction Work-in-Progress account and debited to the appropriate plant asset account.